Compressive Strength Because concrete is an excellent material for resisting compressive loading, it is used in dams, founda-tions, columns, arches and tunnel linings where the principal loading is in compression. Strength is usually determined by means of test cylinders made of fresh concrete on the job and tested in compression at various ages. SHEAR IN BEAMS Slide No. Shear Analysis Procedure ENCE 355 ©Assakkaf. A reinforced concrete beam of rectangular cross section shown is reinforced with seven No. 6 bars in a single layer. Beam width b = 18 in., d = 33 in., single-loop No. 3 stirrups are placed 12 in. On center, and typical cover is 1 ½ in.
- ACI Committee 318, ‘Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete and Commentary’, ACI 318-02/ACI 318R-02, American Concrete Institute, Detroit (2002) 443.Google Scholar
- Adebar, P. and Collins, M.P., ‘Shear strength of members without transverse reinforcement’,Can. J. of Civil Engineering23 (1) (1996) 30–41.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Ahmad, S.H. and Barker, R., ‘Flexural behavior of reinforced high-strength lightweight concrete beams’,ACI Struct. J.88 (1) (1991) 69–77.Google Scholar
- Ahmad, S.H., and Lue, D.M., ‘Flexure-shear interaction of reinforced high-strength concrete beams.’ACI Struct. J.84 (4) (1987) 330–341.Google Scholar
- Ahmad, S.H., Khaloo, A.R., and Poveda, A., ‘Shear capacity of reinforced high-strength concrete beams.’ACI J., Proc.83 (2) (1986) 297–305.Google Scholar
- Angelakos, D., Bentz, E.C. and Collins, M.P., ‘Effect of concrete strength and minimum stirrups on shear strength of large members.’ACI Struct. J.98 (3) (2001) 290–300.Google Scholar
- Bažant, Z.P. and Kim, J.K., ‘Size effect in shear failure of longitudinally reinforced beams’,ACI Struct. J.81 (5) (1984) 456–468.Google Scholar
- Cladera, A. and Mari, A.R., ‘Shear strength of reinforced high-strength concrete beams’, 6th Int. Symp. on ‘Utilization of High Strength/High Performance Concrete’, Lipsia, Germany (Jun. 2002) 205–219.Google Scholar
- CEB/FIP Model Code 1990, First Draft, Chapters 6–14 and Appendices (1990).Google Scholar
- Collins, M.P. and Kuchma, D., ‘How safe are our large, lightly reinforced concrete beams, slabs and footings?’,ACI Struct. J.96 (4) (1999) 482–490.Google Scholar
- Elzanaty, A.H., Nilson, A.H. and Slate, F.O., ‘Shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams using high-strength concrete’.ACI Struct. J.83 (2) (1986) 290–296.Google Scholar
- ENV 1992-1-1. Comité Européen de normalisation CEN, ‘Eurocode 2—Design of Concrete Structures—Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings’ (1992).Google Scholar
- Fenwick, R.C. and Paulay, T. Sr., ‘Mechanisms of shear resistance of concrete beams’,J. of Structural Division, ASCE94 (10) (1968) 2325–2350.Google Scholar
- Ganwei, C. and Nielsen, M.P., ‘Shear strength of beams of high-strength concrete’,Res. Rep., Department of Structural Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (Dan. Tek. Højsk. Afd. Bærende Konstr.), Ser R No. 258 (1990) 23.Google Scholar
- Johnson, M.K. and Ramirez, J.A., ‘Minimum shear reinforcement in beams with higher strength concrete’,ACI Struct. J.86 (4) (1989) 376–382.Google Scholar
- Kani, G.N.J., ‘Riddle of shear failure and its solution’,ACI J.61 (4) (1964) 441–467.Google Scholar
- Kani, G.N.J., ‘Basic facts concerning shear failure’,ACI J.63 (6) (1966) 675–692.Google Scholar
- Kani, G.N.J., ‘A rational theory for the function of web reinforcement’,ACI J.66 (3) (1969) 185–197.Google Scholar
- Kim, J.K. and Park, Y.D., ‘Shear strength of reinforced high strength concrete beams without web reinforcement’,Mag. of Concrete Res.46 (166) (1994) 7–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
- Kong, P.Y.L. and Rangan, B.V., ‘Studies on shear strength of high performance concrete beams’, Res. Rep. of the School of Civil Engineering, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, Australia, 1998, 298.Google Scholar
- Mansur, M.A., Chin, M.S. and Wee, T.H., ‘Flexural behavior of high-strength concrete beams’,ACI Struct. J.94 (6) (1997) 663–674.Google Scholar
- Mörsch, E., ‘Reinforced Concrete. Its Theory and Application’ (Wittwer, Stuttgart, 1908) [in German].Google Scholar
- Mphonde, A.G. and Frantz, G.C., ‘Shear tests of high- and low-strength concrete beams without stirrups’,ACI J.81 (4) (1984) 350–357.Google Scholar
- Narayanan, R. and Darwish, I.Y.S., ‘Use of steel fibers as shear reinforcement’,ACI Struct. J.84 (3) (1987) 216–227.Google Scholar
- Park, R. and Paulay, T., ‘Reinforced Concrete Structures’ (John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1975) 769.Google Scholar
- Pendyala, R.S. and Mendis, P., ‘Experimental study on shear strength of high-strength concrete beams’,ACI Struct. J.97 (4) (2000) 564–571.Google Scholar
- Russo, G. and Puleri, G., ‘Stirrup effectiveness in R.C. beams under flexure and shear’,ACI Struct. J.94 (3) (1997) 576–584.Google Scholar
- Russo, G. and Somma, G., ‘Shear strength of high performance concrete beams’, Safety of high performance concrete structures, National Project financially supported by the Ministry of University and Scientific Research (MURST)—1997-98 (1999) 89–93 [in Italian].Google Scholar
- Russo, G., Somma, G., Angeli, P. and Guerrini, G., ‘Shear strength analysis for normal and high-performance concrete beams’, 6th Int. Symp. on ‘Utilization of High Strength/High Performance Concrete’, Lipsia, Germany (June 2002) 553–567.Google Scholar
- Russo, G., Zingone, G. and Puleri, G., ‘Flexure-shear interaction model for longitudinally reinforced beams’,ACI Struct. J.88 (1) (1991) 66–68.Google Scholar
- Sarsam, K.F. and Al-Musawi, J.M.S., ‘Shear design of high and normal strength concrete beams with web reinforcement’,ACI Struct. J.89 (6) (1992) 658–664.Google Scholar
- Shin, S. W., Lee, K. S., Moon, J. and Ghosh, S. K., ‘Shear strength of reinforced high-strength concrete beams with shear span-to-depth ratios between 1.5 and 2.5’,ACI Struct. J.96 (4) (1999) 549–556.Google Scholar
- Somma, G. and Russo, G., ‘Shear tests of high-performance concrete beams without stirrups’, 7th Europ. Conf. on Advanced Mat. and Processes, Rimini, Italy, June 2001, 10.Google Scholar
- Tan, K.H., Teng, S., Kong, F.K. and Lu, H.Y., ‘Main tension steel in high strength concrete deep and short beams’,ACI Struct. J.94 (6) (1997) 752–768.Google Scholar
- Xie, Y., Ahmad, S.H., Yu, T., Hino, S. and Chung, W., ‘Shear ductility of reinforced concrete beams of normal and high-strength concrete’,ACI Struct. J.91 (2) (1994) 140–149.Google Scholar
- Yoon, Y., Cook, W.D. and Mitchell, D., ‘Minimum shear reinforcement in normal, medium and high-strength concrete beams’,ACI Struct. J.93 (5) (1996) 576–584.Google Scholar